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If a hand instrument is somewhat sharp at the onset of removing the calculus, it will remove the first few millimeters of the deposit. 2–5 Dull instruments are a significant cause of burnished calculus. CAUSES OF BURNISHED CALCULUSīurnished calculus is more likely to be found in areas on the root surface with developmental grooves, depressions, furcations, and at the cementoenamel junctions (Figure 1). When these areas are examined during flap surgery or with a dental endoscope, burnished calculus is usually discovered. The frustration of closed periodontal instrumentation is knowing there must be a reason for the ongoing inflammatory tissue response, but not being able to detect the offending deposit. 3ĭental hygienists may frequently encounter patients whose oral hygiene seems proficient with minimal visible plaque, but areas of the gingiva continue to bleed on probing and are dark red to bluish-purple, shiny, and smooth. 1Burnishing of calculus may lead to delayed healing of the periodontal tissue and possible periodontal abscesses. Burnished calculus becomes difficult to remove because the cutting edge of the instrument tends to slip over the smooth surface of the deposit. 2īy definition, burnished calculus is a deposit that has had its outermost layer removed, so the surface is smooth. Despite dental hygienists’ dedication to thorough periodontal therapy, research shows that approximately 17% to 64% of calculus remains after scaling and root planing, and 7% to 24% remains after surgical intervention. The nature and attachment of subgingival calculus can lead to incomplete removal or burnishing of deposits. Subgingival calculus may mechanically lock into root surface irregularities or it may attach to unaltered cementum surfaces. Subgingival deposits attach to the root surfaces in different ways and may affect the ease or difficulty encountered when trying to remove the deposit. 1 Two-thirds of the inorganic components are crystalline in structure. According to Carranza, the composition of subgingival calculus is 70% to 90% inorganic components that originate from the plasma. One of the more challenging aspects of closed periodontal therapy is complete removal of subgingival calculus.